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THE BIOGRAPHY OF JEAN COCTEAU
Poet, writer, artist, and film maker Jean Maurice Eugene Clement Cocteau was born to a wealthy family on July 5th, 1889, in a small town near Paris. His father died or committed suicide when he was about 10 years old. He began school in 1900 but after being expelled in 1904 he ran away to the Red Light District in Marseilles. He was found by the police living under a false name and returned to his uncle's care. When he was 17 or 18, he fell in love with a 30 year old actress, Madeleine Carlier. In 1908, Cocteau associated himself with the great tragedian Edouard de Max, who encouraged Cocteau to write and on April 4th, that year rented the Theatre Femina topremiere the his poetry.
In 1909, he met Sergey Daighilev and the Ballets Russes. Daighilev encouraged Cocteau to venture into ballet and challenged him to 'Surprise me', so Cocteau wrote the libretto for an exotic ballet called "Le Dieu Bleu". He also met composer Igor Stravinsky who was working "The Rite of Spring". In 1914, Cocteau went to Switzerland to see Stravinsky and while there he finished his first book, 'Le Potomak'. During the First World War Cocteau helped run an ambulance service, met with a group of marines, got arrested and returned to civilian life in 1915.
In 1917, he met Pablo Picasso and went to Rome where they met up with Diaghilev. At this point, Cocteau helped prepare the ballet "Parade". Picasso designed the sets, Erik Satie wrote the music, and the ballet was choreographed by Leonide Massine. The Paris opening in May of that year was disasterous but gained success a few years later. He founded a publishing house called "Editions de la Sirene" which published Cocteau's writings and Stravinsky's and Satie's scores.
In 1918, Cocteau became friend, lover and mentor to the 15 year old novelist, Raymond Radiguet. This relationship strongly influenced Cocteau. When Radiguet died of typhoid in 1923 it drove Cocteau to opium. During his recovery from opium addiction, he created some of his most important works including the stage play 'Orphee' and the novel 'Les Enfants terribles'.In 1930 Cocteau's first film, 'Blood of a Poet' was released. The adventures of a young poet condemned to walk the halls of the "Hotel of Dramatic Follies" for his crime of having brought a statue to life. In the early 1930's, Cocteau wrote 'La Machine Infernal. - The Human Voice,- The Knights of the Round Table, - Les parents terribles, - and The Typewriter.' Then opium addiction returned and he did little until Jean Marais influenced him to return and make 'Beauty and the Beast' in 1945. Marais stared in the film as the Beast, Beauty's suitor, and the Prince.
In 1950, Cocteau directed the film Orpheus which again starred Marais and also decorated the Villa Santo Sospir in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat and began a series of graphic works. In 1954, on the death of his friend Collette, the novelist, Cocteau took her place in the Belgian Academy. In 1955, he was elected to the French Academy. In 1959, Cocteau made his last film, 'The Testament of Orpheus'. It starred himself and also features cameos from many celebrities including Pablo Picasso and Yul Brynner.
The artist died of a heart attack at age 74 at his chateau in Milly-la-Foret, France on October 11, 1963 after hearing the news of the death of friend Edith Piaf.
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